Eventually dissolved and disappeared, leaving the animals tumor-free Fig. 5B; quantified below ; . Similar, although less dramatic, results were observed following the sequential treatment with C. novyi-NT and D10 without MMC ; , but never with D10 and MMC in the absence of C. novyi-NT and rarely with C. novyi-NT alone. The dramatic antineoplastic effects of this combination bacteriolytic therapy COBALT ; were associated with significant toxicity. Approximately 15% of animals with tumors of 350 mm3 in size died within 2472 h of receiving COBALT. This toxicity was clearly related to the size of the tumors, because 45% of animals with larger tumors 700 mm3 ; died. Deaths were not observed after administration of C. novyi-NT spores alone or with chemotherapy alone. Although the reason for the deaths of these animals was not clear, they may have been due to tumor lysis syndrome, a phenomenon previously observed in the clinic when large tumor burdens are rapidly destroyed by antineoplastic agents see Discussion ; . The antineoplastic effects of COBALT were quantified in the experiments shown in Fig. 6. Animals with relatively large s.c. HCT116 tumors starting tumor volume 700 mm3 ; were treated with drugs alone D10 plus MMC ; or C. novyi-NT spores plus the drugs. As can be seen in Fig. 6A, the drugs alone slowed the growth of the tumors, although the tumors continued to grow and the animals had to be killed at 1014 days, when tumor weights exceeded 10% of body weight. The addition of C. novyi-NT spores dramatically enhanced the effects of treatment, with tumors actually shrinking rather than simply slowing. In the experiment shown in Fig. 6A, seven of eight animals had dramatic tumor regressions after only one administration of COBALT, and four of the five animals that survived the therapy were completely cured, with no evidence of tumor regrowth after a further three months time. Significant tumor shrinkage was also seen when mice were given sequential treatment with C. novyi-NT spores plus D10 Fig. 6B ; . However, there was no long-term tumor-free survival and the treatment had to be repeated once every 2 weeks unless the full combination, including MMC, was included. This repetition was associated with additional toxicity, including deaths of 15% of animals with each dose. The full COBALT regimen was therefore preferred on the basis of increased efficacy and reduced overall toxicity. To determine whether COBALT would affect other tumor types, we treated C57BL 6 mice with large syngeneic B16 tumors. In this case, CTX was substituted for MMC, because B16 tumor cells were more sensitive to CTX than to MMC. The drugs alone had some antitumor effects, as expected, although the tumor continued to grow in size and the animals had to be killed within 1 week after beginning therapy Fig. 6C ; . C. novyi-NT spores considerably enhanced these effects: the tumors were observed to shrink rather than simply enlarge at a slower rate Fig. 6C ; . D10 plus C. novyi-NT spores without CTX ; had significant antineoplastic effects on B16 tumors, but the addition of the tumor cytotoxic agent CTX ; further enhanced the efficacy of COBALT Fig. 6C ; . In the B16 tumor model, maintenance COBALT once weekly ; was required to keep the tumors from regrowing, whereas with HCT116 cells a single treatment cured about half the mice. Discussion The results recorded above show that COBALT can result in rapid and dramatic regressions of experimental tumors in mice. Even relatively large tumors could be treated successfully with COBALT, although tumors of the size used in our experiments do not generally respond well to chemotherapeutic agents Figs. 5 and 6 ; . It also clear that many questions remain. For example, the basis for the potent tumor cell killing in the vicinity of the germinating bacteria is not understood. We found that many.

Measurement and the benchmarking of performance." `Peer review' is the term most commonly used in this article, although it should be stressed that it represents the more comprehensive set of activities defined by `peer referencing' above. Peer review `nominees' are those individuals in each participant college who were appointed by principals to lead the project. The QIA is yet to evaluate these pilots when their final reports are completed in February 2007 and they are therefore not discussed further here, apart from to comment that each one has taken a very different approach to testing out mechanisms of peer referencing or peer review leading to self-regulation. It is probably fair to say at this stage, that the League for Learning Peer Referencing pilot project seems to have taken the most organic, developmental approach out of all the pilots. Project Aims and Objectives The aims of the L4L Pilot Project were NPRP, 2005 ; : To use the Common Inspection Framework to review and conduct peer verification of the college's selfassessment grades To test the host college's judgement through a mature, professional dialogue for development and quality improvement. Specifically the objectives were NPRP, 2005 ; : To host a two day peer review at each college of the host's college's SelfAssessment Report SAR ; To follow-up each peer review with support from the partners for two to three days of development activities in areas for improvement To share good practice. Evaluation Aims and Objectives The Research Centre, City College Norwich, was approached to conduct an independent review and critical evaluation of the L4L Peer Review framework trialled amongst the first group of colleges, namely Lewisham College, City College Norwich and West Nottinghamshire College. Being funded and intal. PE&RC PhD Education Certificate With the educational activities listed below the PhD candidate has complied with the educational requirements set by the C.T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation PE&RC ; which comprises of a minimum total of 32 ECTS 22 weeks of activities ; . Review of Literature 5.6 credits ; - Eco-physiology of sweet cherry. - Alternatives for developing the fruit sector in South Patagonia Argentina ; , with emphasis on sweet cherry production. - Quantitative analysis of agricultural systems and linear programming optimization. Writing of Project Proposal 7 credits ; - Development of a participatory decision support system for the fruit sector in South Patagonia Argentina ; , with emphasis on sweet cherry production. Laboratory Training and Working Visits 6 credits ; - Sweet cherry production systems. Pruning and training systems; INIA, Badajoz, Spain 2003 ; . - Fruit production systems. Integrated pest management; INTA-EEA Alto Valle, General Roca, Argentina 2004 ; . - Writing of regional project INTA ; : Intensive and sustainable development of fruit production systems in South Patagonia; INTA-AER Los Antiguos, Los Antiguos, Argentina 2004 ; . - Writing of national project INTA ; : Influence of biotic and management factors on quality, yield and sustainability of organic and environmentally friendly fruit production systems; INTA Central, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2006 ; . - Writing of international project FP6 program of EU ; : EUropean-Latin American CoInnovation of Agro-ecosystemS EULACIAS INTA-EEA Chubut, Trelew, Argentina 2006 ; . Post-Graduate Courses 5.6 credits ; - Course: Eco-physiology of sweet cherry and orchard management; organizer, translator and participant; INTA-EEA Chubut, Argentina - Washington State University, USA 2006 ; . - International workshops of EULACIAS: a ; Definition of the approach for each module work package ; and common research methodologies along case studies; Universidad de Chapingo, Mexico 2006 ; . b ; Writing of PhD and Post-Doc preliminary proposals; Universidad de la Repblica, Uruguay 2007 ; . c ; Discussion of preliminary research results; Universidad de Chapingo, Mexico 2007 ; . Participant.

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